Letters
| Slavonic |
|
Latin |
|
| а |
а́зъ |
a |
áz |
| б |
буки |
b |
buki |
| в |
ве́ди |
v |
védi |
| г |
глаго́ль |
g |
glagól' |
| д |
добро́ |
d |
dobró |
| e (є) |
е́сть |
e |
ést' |
| ё |
ё́ |
ë |
ë́ |
| ж |
живе́тe |
ž |
živéte |
| (ѕ) |
(зе́ло) |
(z) |
(zélo) |
| з (ꙁ) |
зeмля́ |
z |
zemlyá |
| и (і) |
и́же |
i |
íže |
| й |
и краткоe |
y |
i kratkoe |
| к |
ка́ко |
k |
káko |
| л |
лю́дйе |
l |
lyúdye |
| м |
мꙑсле́тe |
m |
mysléte |
| н |
на́шъ |
n |
náš |
| о |
о́нъ |
o |
ón |
| (ѡ) |
(оме́га) |
(o) |
(oméga) |
| п |
поко́й |
p |
pokо́y |
| р |
рцы́ |
r |
rtsý |
| с |
сло́во |
s |
slóvo |
| т |
тве́рдо |
t |
tvérdo |
| у (ꙋ) |
у́къ |
u |
úk |
| ф |
фе́ртъ |
f |
fért |
| х |
хе́ръ |
kh |
khér |
| (ѿ) |
(о́тъ) |
(ot) |
(ót) |
| ц |
цы́ |
ts |
tsý |
| ч |
че́рвь |
č |
čérv' |
| ш |
ша́ |
š |
šá |
| щ |
ща́ |
šč |
ščá |
| ъ |
е́ръ |
|
ér |
| ꙑ |
е́ры́ |
y |
érý |
| ь |
oе́рь |
' |
ér' |
| (ѣ) |
(я́ть) |
(e) |
(yát') |
| э |
е оборóтное |
e |
e oborótnoe |
| ю |
ю́ |
yu |
yú |
| (ꙗ) |
(я́) |
(ya) |
(yá) |
| (ѥ) |
(е́) |
(ye) |
(é) |
| (ѫ) |
(ю́съ большой) |
(yu) |
(yús bol’šoy) |
| я (ѧ) |
я́ (ю́съ ма́лый) |
ya |
yá (yús mály) |
| (ѯ) |
(кси́) |
(ks) |
(ksí) |
| (ѱ) |
(пси́) |
(ps) |
(psí) |
| (ѳ) |
(фита́) |
(f) |
(fitá) |
| (ѵ) |
(и́жица) |
(i) |
(ížitsa) |
| (ꙉ) |
(джeрв) |
(dž) |
(džerv) |
- The letter э is only used for foreign words & is not in any natural Slavonic
words.
- When translating from Slavonic to Latin names:
- -ий is translated as -y.
- -ие is translated as -y.
- When translating from Latin to Slavonic:
- h is translated as г.
- th is translated as ф (aspirate).
- th is translated as в (medial).
Ligatures
| Ligature |
Letters |
| ꙋ |
оѵ |
| ѿ |
ѡт |
| ш |
сх |
| щ |
шт |
| ꙑ |
ъі |
| ю |
іꙋ |
| ꙗ |
іа |
| ѥ |
іє |
| ѫ |
іꙋ |
Pronunciation
| Letter |
Sound |
| а |
a |
| (аѵ) |
(av) |
| б |
b |
| в |
v |
| г |
g |
| д |
d |
| e э (ѣ) |
e |
| (eѵ) |
(ev) |
| ё о (ѡ) |
o |
| ж |
gi |
| з (ѕ) |
z |
| и й ꙑ (ѵ) |
i |
| к |
c |
| л |
l |
| м |
m |
| н |
n |
| п |
p |
| р |
r |
| с |
s |
| т |
t |
| у |
u |
| ф (ѳ) |
f |
| х |
h |
| (ѿ) |
(ot) |
| ц |
ts |
| ч |
tci |
| ш |
ci |
| щ |
citci |
| ъ ь |
|
| ю (ѫ) |
iu |
| (ѥ) |
(ie) |
| я (ꙗ) |
ia |
| (ѯ) |
(cs) |
| (ѱ) |
(ps) |
| (ꙉ) |
(dgi) |
- In Serbian, я is pronounced as e.
- In Bulgarian, ъ is pronounced as e.
Vowels are divided into those called hard (no implied i after) & those
called soft (with an implied i after):
| Hard |
Soft |
| а |
я |
| э |
е |
| ы |
и |
| о |
ё |
| у |
ю |
There are distinct pronunciations for some stressed & unstressed vowels:
| Letter |
Short |
Long |
| а |
a |
a |
| e |
i |
e |
| и |
i |
i |
| о |
a |
o |
| у |
u |
u |
Derivations
| Greek |
Hieronymian |
Cyrillic |
Latin |
| α |
ⰰ |
а |
a |
| β |
ⰲ ⰱ |
в б |
b v |
| γ |
ⰳ |
г |
g |
| δ |
ⰴ |
д |
d |
| ε |
ⰵ ⱔ |
e э |
e |
|
ⰶ |
ж |
zs |
| ϛ |
ⰷ |
ѕ |
z |
| ζ |
ⰸ |
з |
z |
| η |
ⰻ |
и |
i |
| θ |
ⱚ |
ѳ |
f |
| ι (υ) |
ⰹ |
і |
i |
| κ |
ⰽ |
к |
k |
| λ |
ⰾ |
л |
l |
| μ |
ⰿ |
м |
m |
| ν |
ⱀ |
н |
n |
| ξ |
|
ѯ |
ks |
| ο (ω) |
ⱁ |
о |
o |
| π |
ⱂ |
п |
p |
| ϟ (ϡ) |
ⱍ |
ч |
cz |
| ρ |
ⱃ |
р |
r |
| σ |
ⱄ |
с |
s |
| τ |
ⱅ |
т |
t |
| υ (ι) |
ⱛ |
ѵ |
i |
| φ |
ⱇ |
ф |
f |
| χ |
ⱈ |
х |
kh |
| ψ |
|
ѱ |
ps |
| ω |
|
ѡ |
o |
| ϡ (ϟ) |
ⱌ |
ц |
ts |
|
ⱎ |
ш |
sz |
|
ⱜ (ⱏ) |
ъ |
|
|
ⱐ |
ь |
|
|
ⱑ |
ѣ |
|
|
ⱓ |
ѫ |
iu |
|
ⱖ |
я |
ia |
|
ⰼ |
ꙉ |
dzs |
Hieronymian
Certain letters, like in Cyrillic, are compositions of others:
| Ligature |
Letters |
Cyrillic |
| ⱋ |
ⱎⱅ |
щ |
| ⱉ |
ⱅⱁ |
ѿ |
| ⱆ |
ⱛⱁ |
ꙋ |
| ⱜⰻ |
ⱜⰻ |
ꙑ |
| ⱙ |
ⱙ |
ꙗ |
| ⱗ |
ⰵⱔ |
ѥ |
| ⱘ |
ⱁⱔ |
ю |
Serbian
The Serbians adopted the Cyrillic alphabet for writing, but Vuk Karadžits
(†7372) added five letters:
| Letter |
Translation |
Pronunciation |
| ђ |
đ |
dgi |
| ј |
i |
i |
| љ |
li |
li |
| њ |
ni |
ni |
| ћ |
ć |
tci |
| џ (ꙉ) |
dž |
dgi |
Latin
Traditionally, each letter was translated into Latin so:
| Slavonic |
Latin |
| а |
a |
| б |
b |
| в |
v |
| г |
g |
| д |
d |
| e э |
e |
| ж |
zs |
| ѕ з |
z |
| и |
i |
| к |
k |
| л |
l |
| м |
m |
| н |
n |
| о |
o |
| п |
p |
| р |
r |
| с |
s |
| т |
t |
| у |
u |
| ф |
f |
| х |
h |
| ц |
c |
| ч |
cz |
| ш |
sz |
| щ |
szcz |
| ъ ь |
|
| ꙑ |
i |
| (ѣ) |
(ia) |
| ю |
iu |
| я |
e |
| ꙉ |
dzs |
Measures
Lengths
| Measure |
Definition |
Translation |
| tóčka |
= 1/2800 |
Point |
| líniya |
= 1/280 |
Line |
| dyim |
= 1/28 |
Inch |
| veršók |
= 1/16 |
Knuckle |
| ladon' |
= 3/28 |
Palm |
| pyad' |
= 1/4 |
Span |
| phut |
= 3/7 |
Foot |
| lokot' |
= 9/14 |
Cubit |
| šag |
= 1 |
Pace |
| aršín |
= 1 |
Yard |
| sážen' |
= 3 |
Fathom |
| verstá |
= 1500 |
Mile |
- The inch (dyim) is also called the digit (perst).
- The span (pyad’) is also called the quarter (čétvert’).
All measures are defined by the aršín, but in prior times, by the cubit.
Emperor Peter I defined the yard as twenty-eight English inches in 7208 AM.